"I could just see how much the school
structure itself was squelching this African American boy's potential and all his strengths."
- Anne Gregory
Studies
Relevant studies:
- Lost Opportunities: How disparate school discipline continues to drive differences in the opportunity to learn
- When policy and psychology meet: Mitigating the consequences of bias in schools
- The school discipline dilemma: A comprehensive review of disparities and alternative approaches
- Social and emotional learning and equity in school discipline
- Do early educators' implicit biases regarding sex and race relate to behavior expectations and recommendations of preschool expulsions and suspensions?
- Two strikes: Race and the disciplining of young students
- Using allegations to understand selection bias in organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department
- The race discipline gap: A cautionary note on archival measures of behavioral misconduct
Citations
- D.J. Losen and P. Martinez. Lost opportunities: How disparate school discipline continues to drive differences in the opportunity to learn. Palo Alto, CA/Los Angeles, CA: Learning Policy Institute; Center for Civil Rights Remedies at the Civil Rights Project, UCLA, October 2020.
- J.A. Okonofua, A. Perez and S. D-H. When policy and psychology meet: Mitigating the consequences of bias in schools. Science Advances, Vol. 6, October 16, 2020, doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9479.
- R.O. Welsh and S. Little. The school discipline dilemma: A comprehensive review of disparities and alternative approaches. Review of Educational Research, Vol. 88, October 2018, p.752, doi: 10.3102/0034654318791582.
- A. Gregory and E. Fergus. Social and emotional learning and equity in school discipline. Future of Children, Vol. 27, Spring 2017, p.117.
- W.S. Gillam et al. Do early educators' implicit biases regarding sex and race relate to behavior expectations and recommendations of preschool expulsions and suspensions? Yale Child Study Center, September 28, 2016.
- J.A. Okonofua and J.L Eberhardt. Two strikes: Race and the disciplining of young students. Psychological Science, Vol. 26, 2015, p.617, doi: 10.1177/0956797615570365.
- B Stroube. Using allegations to understand selection bias in organizations: Misconduct in the Chicago Police Department. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. Published online Sept. 1, 2020 doi: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2020.03.003.
- S. Walter et al. The race discipline gap: A cautionary note on archival measures of behavioral misconduct. Organizational
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